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This article analyzes why discounts should be given to these endorsements and whether we should eliminate the discount on witness data by means of a soft fork.

In this article, Vitalik directly addresses a specific technical aspect of a subproblem: how to more easily read from L2 to L1, from L1 to L2, or from one L2 to another L2. Solving this issue is crucial for achieving asset/key separation architecture, but it also has valuable use cases in other areas, most notably optimizing reliable cross-L2 calls, including use cases such as moving assets between L1 and L2.

This article discusses in depth the implementation method of ETHS, facets, and the influence and relationship between facets and smart contracts, and also discusses them in comparison with Rollup.

Learn read explorers like Etherscan and navigate data across these three key data structures, and how to find the tables you'll need to query.

This overview delves into the concepts of inscriptions and ordinals. Before exploring these concepts, a stroll through the history of storing arbitrary data on Bitcoin is taken to understand why these ideas are not entirely new.

The EIP-7706 proposal aims to reduce the operating costs of Ethereum L2, change the economic model, and introduce a dual pricing model of Base fee and Priority fee. EIP-4844 proposes Blob Transaction to stabilize transaction fees and will be implemented in 2024. The gas model in Ethereum will also increase restrictions as the network develops, such as the consumption of calldata. This helps L2 development and reduces sequencer costs. This article will introduce the latest Ethereum Gas Fee mechanisms.

What are Verkle Trees, why Ethereum needs it, and how do Verkle Trees solve problems? The goal of this article is to answer these questions for readers without delving too deeply into cryptography and mathematics, helping those with some understanding of Ethereum quickly grasp the concept of Verkle Trees.

This article provides an in-depth analysis of two potential vulnerabilities in Zero-Knowledge Proof (ZKP) systems: the "Load8 Data Injection Attack" and the "Forgery Return Attack." The article details the technical specifics of these vulnerabilities, how they can be exploited, and the methods for fixing them. Additionally, it discusses the lessons learned from discovering these vulnerabilities during the auditing and formal verification processes of ZK systems and suggests best practices for ensuring the security of ZK systems.

This article will provide a popular science explanation on some basic concepts of the Bitcoin ecosystem. From the "Blockchain Impossible Triangle" that hinders large-scale application, to the Bitcoin "Lightning Network" that overcomes the "Impossible Triangle", to the current solutions to Bitcoin scripts and UTXO model principles.

At the Austin Bitcoin++ conference in early May, core Lightning Network developer Rusty Russell made a very radical proposal in the first talk of the conference to re-enable most opcodes previously disabled by Satoshi Nakamoto. Try to explore the entire feature space by driving and analyzing a full recovery of the scripts.

Why, despite the rather large scope of the proposal, Rusty Russell's Great Script Restoration might be the path forward for Bitcoin's development.

This article explores the principles and optimization strategies of BitVM for enhancing the scalability and richness of the Bitcoin ecosystem.

This article explores inscriptions and their applications on the Bitcoin blockchain, as well as the associated theory of ordinals. By clarifying the confusion between the terms "ordinals" and "inscriptions," this article will help readers understand these two concepts more clearly, delving into their technical foundations and potential impacts on Bitcoin and the crypto industry.

Ordinal theory is a new method of inscribing data onto the Bitcoin blockchain, endowing the smallest unit of Bitcoin, the satoshi (sat), with numismatic value, and allowing for the tracking, trading, and transferring of individual sats. It uses different representation methods to enumerate satoshis and describes their rarity based on their position in the blockchain. Inscriptions are a way of recording arbitrary data within a Bitcoin transaction, embedding data onto the Bitcoin blockchain through a two-step transaction process. It has the potential to impact the Bitcoin and cryptocurrency industry in the medium to long term but has also sparked divisions within the community. Inscriptions are also influencing the NFT space, as seen with protocols like Nervos' Omiga and Spore.

This article introduces three BIP proposals related to Taproot.