Have you heard of CPU bit flips? In high-altitude data centers, cosmic rays can hit and mess up your transaction data—turning 1000 into 0.0001 in an instant, or causing miscalculations in lending ratios that lead to liquidation logic failures. This isn’t the fault of hackers; it’s purely random failures in the physical world.

But this is exactly the real risk that DeFi protocol designers need to consider. Let’s see how Lista defends against it.

**Multiple Layers of Defense in Smart Contracts**

The Lista contract code is filled with require and assert statements. For example, when you initiate a repayment transaction, the contract doesn’t just blindly execute; it recalculates before proceeding: "Is the Collateral price > debt amount?" If hardware errors cause conflicting calculations, the transaction is simply rolled back. This is the power of logical redundancy—calculate multiple times, errors cannot hide.

**The Importance of Verification Mechanisms**

In addition to require statements, the system also verifies and checks data integrity. Simply put, each transaction must pass through several gates, and any anomaly detected stops execution immediately.

This protective system may look complex, but it boils down to a core principle: don’t trust a single calculation result. Use redundancy to combat uncertainty. In the high-precision world of DeFi, this kind of multiple verification isn’t wasteful—it’s essential.