Source: PortaldoBitcoin Original Title: Ethereum gets new upgrade tomorrow; see what changes Original Link:

In-depth Look at Ethereum Fusaka Upgrade: Comprehensive Analysis of 13 Improvements

Ethereum is set to undergo a new upgrade this Wednesday—Fusaka—which marks another important milestone in the ongoing evolution of the world’s second-largest blockchain. Since its inception, the network has experienced profound changes, including the migration to Proof of Stake during the Merge, the introduction of “blobs” in Dencun, and various performance optimizations. Each step reflects a long-term commitment to scalability, security, and efficiency.

This latest upgrade continues that tradition, combining technical adjustments with structural changes and is expected to benefit both users and developers.

Fusaka: Major Breakthrough in Scalability

Fusaka is regarded as Ethereum’s largest scalability effort to date, especially since it directly addresses the bottlenecks arising from the growth of Layer 2 solutions. As increasing numbers of transactions migrate to rollups, the demand for Layer 1’s capacity, speed, and efficiency to process large data volumes continues to rise—Fusaka is designed to address this.

The proposal introduces a new data verification system, expands operational limits, and strengthens resistance to attacks, all while preserving the network’s decentralization.

Node Operation Improvements

Another important aspect of this upgrade is the improvement of Ethereum node operating conditions. The network becomes easier to sync, more predictable in block validation, and more robust against malicious behavior.

Some of these changes involve new data structures, pricing adjustments, stricter limits on specific transactions, and features that facilitate interoperability with modern devices. The ultimate goal is to create a network that can support a rapidly growing decentralized application ecosystem, high-capacity transactions, and a more intuitive user experience.

13 Improvements in the Ethereum Fusaka Upgrade

This upgrade includes 13 EIPs (Ethereum Improvement Proposals) covering different protocol layers. Below are detailed explanations of each improvement:

1. EIP-7594 — PeerDAS

PeerDAS expands blob capacity, a data type used by Layer 2s to submit transaction batches to Ethereum. The innovation lies in the “sampling” method: each node stores only part of the blob data instead of the full set. This allows for increased blob capacity per block without significantly increasing node size.

2. EIP-7892 — Blob Parameter-Only (BPO) Fork

The BPO fork enables the number of blobs per block to increase over time without a hard fork. Capacity should double after one month and gradually increase from six blobs per block to a maximum of 128.

3. EIP-7918 — Blob Base Fee Adjustment

Blob prices are currently extremely low—typically 1 wei—because Layer 2s stop publishing blobs when L1 gas fees are high. This behavior causes the protocol to lower prices more than necessary. This EIP creates a minimum reserve price tied to L1 gas costs to correct this distortion.

4. EIP-7935 — 60M Gas Standard Limit

The gas limit standard is raised to 60 million, expanding transaction space within each block. Higher throughput can reduce congestion and tends to lower fees. According to analysis, this change has already taken effect on the network.

5. EIP-7642 — Historical Expiry Notification

Ethereum nodes will now announce the range of blocks they can serve, update this range as needed, and stop storing certain heavy elements (such as receipt blooms)—this can save over 500 GB of storage during sync.

6. EIP-7951 — secp256r1 Precompile (P-256)

The upgrade adds native support for the signature system used by iPhone, Android, and most modern devices. This paves the way for simpler wallet experiences, such as Face ID-enabled wallets, similar to Apple Pay.

7. EIP-7917 — Deterministic Proposer Lookahead

Ethereum can now determine in advance who will be the next block proposer, allowing for reliable pre-confirmations at Layer 1. Users can receive nearly instant confirmations, backed by guarantees from future proposers.

8. EIP-7825 — Per-Transaction Gas Limit

Currently, a single transaction can consume an entire block’s gas. This EIP imposes a per-transaction limit of about 16.7 million gas, reducing susceptibility to spam attacks and congestion activities.

9. EIP-7934 — Block Size Limit (10 MB)

This EIP sets a hard 10 MB block size limit at the protocol level. This move prevents malicious actors from creating oversized blocks and enhances the network’s defense against denial-of-service attacks.

10. EIP-7910 — JSON-RPC eth_config Method

A new RPC method allows nodes to announce which hard fork they’re running. This helps avoid consensus failures due to misconfiguration before upgrades.

11. EIP-7939 — CLZ Opcode (Count Leading Zeros)

The addition of the CLZ opcode allows calculation of leading zero bits in 256-bit values. This results in lower contract execution costs, smaller bytecode, and reduced proving costs for zero-knowledge systems.

12. EIP-7823 — MODEXP Precompile Upper Limit

The MODEXP function is used for cryptographic verification and is prone to bugs because it accepts inputs of unlimited size. This EIP sets an 8,192-bit limit per field, making the function safer to use.

13. EIP-7883 — Increased Gas Cost for MODEXP

In addition to the size limit, MODEXP has been underpriced—potentially consuming massive resources at minimal cost. This EIP adjusts gas pricing to better reflect the required computation and prevent abuse.

Summary

With this broad and comprehensive set of changes, the Fusaka upgrade consolidates another major step in Ethereum’s evolution, reinforcing its status as the primary infrastructure for large-scale decentralized applications worldwide. The expectation is that, after the upgrade, Ethereum will become more robust, efficient, and better prepared to support the next wave of industry growth.