The boundaries of human language are the boundaries of cognition.

Artificial intelligence based on language naturally inherits boundaries imposed by language. Its cognition cannot transcend the representational system, making it not truly self-supervised in the genuine sense.

Humans are constrained by language, and large language models are equally constrained by language. Humans possess experiential knowledge through body and sensation; artificial intelligence will eventually possess this too, but perhaps not through LLMs.

From a philosophical perspective, AI is currently only in an infant stage. Human infants are a priori experiencers who learn language afterward, whereas AI's infant stage follows the opposite trajectory—language first, until it becomes embodied.